中文摘要：

克服外来者劣势是跨国企业国际化取得成功的先决条件。然而，现有研究对新兴经济体跨国企业如何克服外来者劣势缺乏理解。本文选择联想和中远开展探索性的案例研究。采用扎根理论研究方法对档案数据和访谈数据进行编码分析．构建中国企业通过组织身份变革克服外来者劣势的理论模型。研究发现：①中国企业面临的外来者劣势由组织身份合法性缺失引起。即中国企业的组织身份被东道国利益相关者误解和曲解．进而不被认可和接受，其中．身份误解由身份模糊引起，身份曲解由负面的来源国形象引起。②中国企业通过组织身份变革克服外来者劣势．组织身份变革采用“替换”（用真实的、积极的身份标签和含义替换负面的身份标签和含义）、“进化”（对现有身份进行深化和发展）和“增补”（创造新的身份标签和含义）三种机制。③组织身份变革的目的是促使东道国利益相关者对“中国企业是谁”形成真实的、积极的认知．消除身份误解和曲解，获取组织身份合法性。

英文摘要：

Overcoming the ＂liability of foreignness＂ （LOF） is the prerequisite for successful internationalization of transnational enterprises, while the previous research has done insufficiently to guide transnational enterprises from emerging economies to overcome this disadvantage. In this paper, we conduct an exploratory case＇ study of Lenovo and COSCO. Archival data and interview data are analyzed by the application of coding process of grounded theory, and ultimately the author develops a theoretical model as a strategy to overcome LOF based on organizational identity change. The results indicate that： ①The LOF that Chinese transnational enterprises confronted is mainly generated by organizational identity legitimacy deficit, namely that the organizational identities are misunderstood and misinterpreted by the host country stakeholders. Identity misunderstanding is caused by identity ambiguity and identity misinterpreting is caused by negative effect of country-of-origin. ②Chinese transnational enterprises overcome LOF by organizational identity change, which includes ＂replacement＂ （replacing negative identity labels and meanings by real and positive ones）, ＂evolution＂ （elaborating and developing current identity） and ＂supplement＂ （creating new identity labels and meanings）. ③The purpose of organizational identity change is to promote stakeholders to form real and positive cognition on ＂what the Chinese enterprises are＂, to eliminate identity misunderstanding and identity misinterpreting, and to obtain organizational identity legitimacy.