中文摘要：

唾液由口腔腺体分泌产生,具有清洁和保护口腔、抗菌、消化等多种功能。随着唾液组学的发展,研究发现唾液是一个潜在的巨大生物标志物储存库。唾液采集无侵袭性、可避免病毒传播,有望成为血液的替代品。本文就关于唾液生化指标、DNA、RNA、蛋白质和微生物等生物标志物在口腔疾病、癌症、糖尿病等全身系统性疾病早期诊断中的应用,结合近期研究成果与学者观点,阐述唾液在疾病早期诊断和精准医疗中的应用前景。

英文摘要：

Saliva is secreted by salivary glands and performs a variety of functions, including mouth cleaning and protection, antibacterial activity, and digestion. With the rapid progress in salivaomics, saliva became recognized as a potential pool of biological markers. Being a non-invasive and safe source, saliva is a potential substitute for blood in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. This review summarizes the latest advancement in saliva-related studies and presents the potential value of saliva in early diagnosis of oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, cancer, diabetes, and other systemic disorders. Saliva biomarkers can reveal changes ranging from changes in biochemical index, DNA, RNA, and proteins to the diversification of microbiota structure. By integrating recent data, this paper discusses the clinical significance and application prospect of saliva in early diagnosis of diseases and in translational and precision medicine.