中文摘要：

以棒状纳米纤维素为模板,采用仿生矿化的方法制备纳米纤维素/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电镜能谱分析（SEM-EDAX）对仿生矿化前后纳米纤维素中碳、氧、钙、磷元素的变化情况及分布状态进行了表征,并探讨了纳米羟基磷灰石的生长机理。结果表明纳米纤维素表面形成了纳米羟基磷灰石;纳米纤维素的碳氧比为1.81,仿生矿化后下降为1.54;仿生矿化后纳米纤维素的钙磷比nCa/nP=1.70;纳米羟基磷灰石成核是在纳米纤维素的羟基上,并且纳米纤维素表面羟基和纳米羟基磷灰石的钙离子之间发生了配位作用。纳米羟基磷灰石较为均一的形成在纳米纤维素的基体中。通过原子力显微镜（AFM）图片可以看出,直径为20nm左右的羟基磷灰石生长在纳米纤维素的表面。

英文摘要：

Cellulose nano-whiskers/nano-hydroxyapatite composite was prepared with biomimetic mineralization using rod-like cellulose nano-whiskers as template.The cellulose nano-whiskers and cellulose nano-whiskers /nano-hydroxyapatite composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive analysis of X-rays（SEM-EDXA）.Variation and distribution of carbon,oxygen,calcium,and phosphorus in the composites were studied.The morphologies and growth mechanism of nano-hydroxyapatite were analyzed.The results showed that nano-hydroxyapatite was formed on the surface of cellulose nano-whiskers;the carbon-oxygen ratio of cellulose nano-whiskers and cellulose nano-whiskers/nano-hydroxyapatite composite was 1.81 and 1.54,respectively;the calcium-phosphorus ratio of the composite was 1.70.The nucleation of nano-hydroxyapatite was around the hydroxyl groups of cellulose nano-whiskers.It is suggested that there is coordination between the hydroxyl groups of cellulose nano-whiskers and calcium ions of nano-hydroxyapatite.The nano-hydroxyapatite can distribute in the matrix of cellulose nano-whiskers.From the atomic force microscope（AFM） images,we can see that the diameter of the spherical nano-hydroxyapatite particles was about 20 nm.