中文摘要：

microRNAs（miRNAs）是一种基因组编码的小RNA，它们通过与目标mRNA分子的3’端非编码区域（3’UTR）互补配对导致mRNA分子稳定性和翻译受到抑制，在调节细胞增殖、凋亡、分化和肿瘤发生等多种生物学过程中起重要作用。心脏是人体的重要器官之一，其发育与疾病发生过程非常复杂，受到多种信号通路的调控。近期的研究表明，miRNAs在心脏的发生发育与疾病过程中都发挥着重要的作用，本文将对这方面的研究进展作一综述。

英文摘要：

microRNAs （miRNAs ） are genomically encoded small RNAs, which bind to the 3＇-UTR of mRNAs and negatively influence the expression of specific proteins by either degradation of the bound mRNA targets or direct translational inhibition. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that miRNAs play important roles in many biological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and carcinogenesis. As an important organ, heart development is a complex processes involving multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs also function in the process of cardiac development and diseases, this review tries to give a brief introduction on this field.