中文摘要：

要素相对价格左右着要素配置效率,是影响TFP的重要因素,本文将劳动要素细分为普通劳动与人力资本的基础上,运用随机前沿超越对数生产函数模型估计31个省市TFP的变动,据以观察要素配置效率对TFP的影响,模拟要素价格在其中的作用.主要结论如下：①2003年以来要素配置效率呈负增长,是TFP增长率下降的最主要原因;②东部地区TFP增长率高于中西部地区且差距趋于扩大,与此相伴随的是东西部地区之间要素配置效率差异以更快的速度趋于扩大,进一步表明要素配置效率对TFP增长的制约;③要素价格是影响要素配置效率的直接原因,要素价格的扭曲在现阶段总体上表现为物质资本要素价格相对偏高;④分别模拟物质资本价格下降、人力资本和普通劳动价格上升,结果均显示改善了要素配置效率并相应地实现TFP增长,其中物质资本价格下降起着最显著的改善作用.为此,要重视市场环境建设并让市场在资源配置中起决定作用,从要素配置效率上推动TFP增长.

英文摘要：

The relative prices of factors have a major effect on TFP by affecting the allocative efficiency. In this article, we divide the total work force into raw labor and human capital, and estimate the TFP of 31 provinces with a stochastic frontier trans-log production function. Then, we investigate how the factor allocative efficiency and factor price affect the TFP. The main conclusions are, （ 1 ） the factor allocative efficiency keeps declining since 2003, which is the main cause of the TFP growth rate glissade. （2） the TFP growth rate is much higher in eastern region than those in western and middle region with a widening gap. Along with this, the allocative efficiency differences is expanding at an increasing rate between the eastern region and western region, which further indicates the restriction imposed by factor allocative efficiency on the TFP growth. （3） the factor price has a direct influence on the allocative efficiency. At this stage, the factor prices distortion is mainly reflected by a relatively higher price of physical capital. （4） By simulating a price drop on physical factors and a price increase on human capital and raw labor, we found a significant improvement on allocative efficiency and consequently a TFP growth. Therefore, the government must pay great attention on maintaining and improving the market environment, give full play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources and promote the TFP growth by improving allocative efficiency.