中文摘要：

为确定合理的出租车实载率标准，以出租车价格、等候时间、空车里程为参数，构建了柯布一道格拉斯形式的出租车需求函数，并以此为基础构建出租车实载率确定模型，分别计算以社会福利最大化、生产者剩余为0、特定生产者剩余为目标的出租车最优实载率。计算结果表明：社会福利最大化时最优实载率取决于出租车价格、等候时间、空载里程的需求弹性，而生产者剩余为0时的最优实载率为平均单位里程成本与平均单位里程收入的比值。模型应用于北京市出租车市场，测算社会福利最大化、生产剩余为0、生产者剩余为15％目标下的最优实载率分别为60％、63％及74％。应用结果表明，模型能有效地区分不同目标下的出租车实载率标准，为行业管理者提供管理决策依据。

英文摘要：

In order to determine a reasonable loading rate of taxi, with the taxi price, waiting time, empty mileage as parameters, a taxi demand function with the Cobb-Douglas form was con- structed, and a loading rate model was established to determine the optimal loading rate under different objectives such as social welfare maximization, with 0 and specific rate producer sur- plus. From the model, for social welfare maximization, the optimal loading rate was relevant to the elasticity of price, waiting time and vacant mileage; for the producer surplus of zero, the opti- mal loading rate was the same as the ratio of the average unit mileage cost and average unit mile- age income. When the model was applied to Beijing taxi market, the optimal loading rate was 60%, 63% and 74% under the objectives of social welfare maximization, producer surplus of 0, and producer surplus of 15% respectively, the model can distinguish taxi loading rates effectively under different objectives and provide basis for decision making in the management of the taxi in- dustry. 3 tabs, 15 refs.