中文摘要：

逻辑如何进入归纳推理？休谟指出，除了观察或实验资料所确定的东西以外，还必须具有至少一个独立假设，只要这个作为前提的“独立假设”成立，从这个前提到归纳结论的推理就是可靠的，这个可靠性不比演绎推理弱。从这个思路来看现代归纳逻辑的发展，呈现出三个主要的发展趋势与特点：一是从非形式到形式再到形式与非形式相结合；二是概率与因果的分化与结合；三是从帕斯卡概率向非帕斯卡概率的发展和演进。在这个过程中，归纳逻辑的发展发生了三个转变：一是从单调性向非单调性转变；二是从外延性向非外延性转变；三是从形式化向形式与非形式转变。

英文摘要：

How could logic enter inductive reasoning？ Hume has said, in addition to identified things of observation or experiment data, at least one independent assumption is necessary. As long as this ＂independence hypothesis＂ as the premise can hold water, the reasoning from the premise to inductive conclusion will be reliable, which will be as stronger as deductive reasoning. With this understanding, there are three development trends and characteristics in modern inductive logic： firstly, the develop- ment has experienced the process from ＂form＂ to ＂non-form＂ and then the integration of ＂form＂ and ＂non-form＂. The second is the differentiation and combination between probability and causality. The third is the development and evolution from Pascal probability to non-Pascal probability. In this process, the development of inductive logic has experienced three changes： the first change is from monotonicity to non-monotonicity. The second is from extensionality to non-extensionality. The third change is from ＂formal＂ to ＂form＂ plus ＂non-form＂.