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中文摘要：
微动特性是目标物理特性之一，微动目标的雷达特征包含了对目标形状、结构和运动的精细刻画，同时微多普勒反映了信号的非平稳特性，因此，在高海况条件下采用微多普勒理论分析海杂波及检测海面目标具有很大的优越性。该文首先从微多普勒机理和特点出发，对动态海面散射杂波建模和海杂波多普勒特性分析方法等相关研究进行归纳与分析，表明微多普勒理论应用的必要性；然后，从海面微动目标回波建模和微动特征分析与检测方法等方面重点介绍了微多普勒理论在海面目标检测领域的应用和主要技术途径；最后，针对现有研究中存在的问题，阐述了有待于进一步研究的方向。
英文摘要：
Micro-Doppler signature is one of the physical characteristics of the target. The radar signature of a target with micro-motion can make fine characterizations of the shape, structure, and moving state of target, which reflects the nonstationary property of a radar signal. Hence, it has great superiority in the analysis of sea clutter and target detection in the case of high sea states based on the micro-Doppler theory. In this paper, to show the need for micro-Doppler, the modeling of scattering clutter from time-varying sea surface and analysis methods of sea clutter Doppler are first reviewed based on the principles and characteristics of micro-Doppler. Then, applications and technological approaches of micro-Doppler in sea surface target detection are introduced from the perspective of micro-motion target modeling and detection methods of micro-motion signatures. Finally, future research interests are highlighted based on problems experienced in present studies.
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