中文摘要：

目的描述孕期乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带者和HBV宫内感染的新生儿HBV标志物的检测情况，分析孕期母体携带HBV与子代HBV宫内感染之间的关系，评估孕晚期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白预防新生儿HBV宫内感染的效果。方法在产前常规检查中，应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测合肥地区3415例孕妇的血清HBV标志物，将114例HBV携带孕妇作为研究对象；在孕妇产后采集新生儿脐带血，检测HBV标志物。采用X^2检验分析孕期不同HBV感染状况和孕晚期是否注射乙肝免疫球蛋白与新生儿宫内感染HBV之间的关系。结果共计检测了3415例孕妇，HBV携带率为3．34％（114／3415）。在112例HBV携带孕妇所分娩的112例活产新生儿中，有33例新生儿发生了HBV宫内感染，感染率为29．46％。3种常见的孕期HBV感染类型的孕妇其新生儿发生宫内HBV感染的发生率差异无统计学意义。有乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）接种史的孕妇所分娩的新生儿HBV宫内感染发生率（13．16％）明显低于无HBIG接种史的孕妇所分娩的新生儿（37．83％），差异有统计学意义（X^2=7．36，P〈0．01）。结论合肥地区孕妇HBV携带率较低；孕妇HBeAg阳性可能是HBV宫内感染的危险因素；孕晚期注射HBIG能有效降低子代HBV宫内感染的发生率。

英文摘要：

Objective To describe the prevalence of hepatitis B virus （HBV） carrier among pregnant women and HBV intrauterine infection in newborns. To examine the relationship between maternal HBV infection during pregnancy and HBV intrauterine infection in newborns, and to evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B immunoglobulin （HBIG） in interrupting HBV intrauterine infection during late pregnancy. Methods Before delivery, HBV serological markers were tested by ELISA among 3 415 pregnant women under routine examination. Totally 114 pregnant women with HBV were screened as target population. After delivery, umbilical bloods of neonates were tested. Chi-square test was used to compare the rate of HBV intrauterine infection in different groups. Results A total of 3 415 pregnant women from Hefei area were tested and HBV carrying rate was 3.34% （ 114/3 415）. Among 112 neonates 33 were infected with HBV （29.46%）. No significant difference was found among pregnant women with three types of common HBV infection. HBV intrauterine infection rate of neonates to mother with HBIG inoculation （ 13.16% ） was significantly lower than those without HBIG inoculation （37.83%） （X^2 =7.36, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion HBV carrying rate is low among pregnant women in Hefei. Positive maternal HBeAg is the risk factor of HBV intrauterine infection. HBV intrauterine infection can be interrupted effectively using HBIG during late pregnancy.