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人为气溶胶对地形云降水的影响:以黄山地区为例

ISSN号：1674-7097
期刊名称：大气科学学报
时间：2014.8.18
页码：405-413
分类：P427[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
作者机构：[1] 南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,江苏南京210044, [2] 安徽省气象局,安徽合肥230061
相关基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（41030962）;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD）
相关项目：我国南方地形云和气溶胶相互作用的观测和理论研究

关键词：地形云降水, 气溶胶, 地形影响因子, 能见度, orographic precipitation, aerosols, the orographic enhancement factor, visibility

中文摘要：

选取黄山站为高山站,周围黄山区、绩溪、黄山市三个低海拔高度站为对比站,比较高山站与对比站1960-2009年降水量差值,即地形影响因子R0的变化趋势,以及同期能见度的变化,分析了人为气溶胶对黄山地形云降水的可能影响.结果表明,1960-1979年能见度下降,气溶胶含量增大,R0升高;1980-1989年,能见度升高,气溶胶含量有下降趋势,不同对比站R0变化趋势不同;1990-2009年,能见度下降,气溶胶含量升高,R0显著下降.气溶胶对降水的影响作用与背景气溶胶浓度有关,背景气溶胶浓度较低时,增加气溶胶浓度可促进降水;背景气溶胶浓度较高时,增加气溶胶含量对降水抑制作用显著,对应的能见度阈值为10 km.当气溶胶对降水起抑制作用时,抑制作用与风速成反比,与风频和各风向平均降水量呈显著正相关.

英文摘要：

Based on the difference in precipitation between the station over the Yellow Mountain andthose in Huangshan District, Jixi and Huangshan city, which is defined as the orographic enhancementfactor（ R0 ）, as well as the change of visibility during 1960 and 2009, the possible ways that air pollutionaerosols influenced orographic precipitation were studied.During 1960 and 1979,the increasing trend ofR0 matched well with the decreasing visibility and increasing aerosols.Different stations presented differ-ent change trends for R0 while the visibility was increasing and aerosol was decreasing during 1980 and1989.With decreasing visibility and increasing aerosols, R0 decreased significantly during 1990 and2009.The effect of aerosols on the orographic precipitation was relevant with background concentrationof aerosols.When the background concentration of aerosols was low, increasing aerosols would promoteorographic precipitation.When the background concentration of aerosols was high, air pollution aerosolswould suppress orographic precipitation significantly and the corresponding visibility threshold wasabout 10 kin.When the aerosols suppressed orographic precipitation ,the inhibition effect was negativelycorrelated with the wind speed and positively correlated with wind frequency and average precipitationin each wind direction.

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