中文摘要：

黑素瘤是一种高度恶性的皮肤肿瘤,其发生率和致死率在世界范围内逐年上升.达卡巴嗪仍是治疗无手术适应证的转移性黑素瘤的标准治疗药物.由于缺少对治疗反应的预测因子,黑素瘤患者个体治疗方案的选择存在很大的随机性.激活癌基因的突变是重要的黑素瘤标志物,它们可以预测激酶抑制剂的治疗反应并可能是独立的预后判断因子;表观遗传的改变（DNA甲基化、染色质重塑和非编码RNA）也可能成为有价值的黑素瘤生物标志物.免疫学研究发现,Toll样受体的浸润程度可以作为判断黑素瘤预后的一个标志物.这些生物标志物的发现,为黑素瘤的个体化治疗、治疗反应和预后的判断提供了新的可能.

英文摘要：

Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer of melanocytic origin with an increasing incidence and mortality rate worldwide.Dacarbazine （DTIC） still serves as the standard therapy for patients with inoperable metastatic melanoma.The lack of predictors of treatment response makes the choice of drugs and therapy regimens for individual patients arbitrary.Activating mutations of oncogenes are important biomarkers for melanoma which can predict response to kinase inhibitors and may be independent prognostic factors.Epigenetic alterations （including DNA methylation,chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNAs） may also be valuable biomarkers for melanoma.Immunological studies have revealed that the degree of Toll-like receptor infiltration can serve as an independent predictor of prognosis of melanoma.Advances in biomarkers for melanoma may provide new approaches to individualized treatment as well as prediction of treatment response and prognosis of melanoma.