中文摘要：

风险管理是一项系统性、专业性、科学性和综合性很强的工作，是应急管理实现预防为主、关口前移的强大动力和重要基础。随着国家应急管理体系建设工作的稳步推进，未来的国家应急管理工作必须从以事件管理为主向事件管理与风险管理并重转变，按照预防与应急并重、常态管理与非常态管理相结合的原则，建立科学、规范、系统、动态的风险管理机制，实现应急管理从事后被动反应向事前主动保障的战略转变，从根源上有效地控制各种危险因素，从而在更基础的层面有效推进应急管理工作。

英文摘要：

Risk management is a systematic, analytical process to consider the likelihood that a threat will harm an asset or individuals and to identify actions that reduce the risk and mitigate the consequences of an attack or event. The preventive and corrective actions of risk management will help organizations understand, evaluate and take action on all their risks with a view to increase the probability of their success and reduce the likelihood of failure. Reactive response is the usual reaction for Chinese officials, when confronted with newly - emerged crises and unanticipated obstacles. As the leaders are caught entirely by surprise and must scramble to respond, they often act impromptuly or ＂sharpen its spears at the last moment＂. As a result, the leaders are often forced into a reactive and reflexive mode characterized by loss of oversight and control, which is more likely to lead to crisis escalation and deterrence failure. Thus, the Chinese government needs to shift its approach in dealing with crises from emergency management to risk management, from one of reaction and improvisation toward one of prevention and corrections.