中文摘要：

随着汽车技术的发展,道路上自动驾驶的车辆在未来会越来越多,给道路交通带来了巨大影响.本文引入了经典的Gipps安全距离规则,对Na Sch模型进行改进,提出了基于安全距离的自动驾驶元胞自动机交通流模型.然后,利用数值模拟的方法研究了自动驾驶车辆对道路交通流的影响,研究获得一些新的结论.第一,通过降低自动驾驶车辆系统的反应时间,可大幅提高道路通行能力,最高可达2倍.第二,当自动驾驶车辆系统的反应时间降到0.5 s以下时,其对道路通行能力的影响可忽略.第三,道路上自动驾驶车辆的比例对道路通行能力和交通拥堵有显著影响.当自动驾驶车辆的比例达到80%时,通行能力可达到全手动驾驶交通流的2倍,交通拥堵可以降低50%.第四,在全自动驾驶的交通流中,增大自动驾驶反应时间会减少交通拥堵.特别是当密度在30~60 veh/km的范围内时作用更为明显,拥堵比例下降最高可达到20%,可以作为一种缓解拥堵的策略.

英文摘要：

With the development of vehicle technology, more and more autonomous vehicles appear on street, which will greatly impact on road traffic. This paper improves the Na Sch cellular automata model by taking into account the Gipps safe distance algorithm. The traffic flow mixed by manual and autonomous vehicles are studied using numerical simulation method, and several new conclusions are drawn. First, the highway capacity can be dramatically increased, up to twice of the original capacity value, by adjusting the reaction time of the autonomous driving vehicle. Second, the influence of the reaction time on the highway traffic capacity can be ignored, when the value of the reaction time is reduced to 0.5s. Third, the proportion of the autonomous vehicles in traffic has significant impact on the road capacity and traffic congestion. When the autonomous vehicles is 80%, the highway capacity will be twice of the capacity of the traffic flow consisting of only manual vehicles and the traffic congestion can be reduced up to 50%. Fourth, in the fully autonomous driving traffic flow, increasing the autonomous driving reaction time can reduce the traffic congestion. Especially, when the density is in the range of 30~60 veh/km, the congestion can be reduced20%, which can be used as an important strategy of traffic congestion mitigation.