中文摘要：

从16S rRNA甲基化酶的发现、作用机制、基因环境、分布和起源等方面介绍了16S rRNA甲基化酶介导的氨基糖苷类耐药机制。阐明16S rRNA甲基化酶是在革兰氏阴性杆菌中新出现的介导对庆大霉素等氨基糖苷类高度耐药的酶；16S rRNA甲基化酶基因位于质粒和转座子上，具有易于传播和扩散的特点，成为临床抗感染的重要问题。

英文摘要：

Advances in 16 S rRNA methylases, Gram-negative bacilli, were reviewed with regard to which mediate aminoglycosides resistance in clinical their emergence, mechanisms, genetic environments, prevalence and origin. These enzymes are capable of conferring an extraordinarily high level of resistance against most of clinically important aminoglycosides. The genes encoding these enzymes are located in transferable large plasmids and transposons. The spread of such resistance determinants has become a great clinical concern.