中文摘要：

本文借鉴国际主流卫生经济学的观点，对我国医疗保健中的“城乡差异”与“城乡分割”这组概念进行了区分。利用CHNS2009年截面数据，采用反事实分析方法，度量出城乡医疗保健差异中的不公平部分，即本文所界定的城乡分割现象。研究表明：城乡医疗差距中的88．1％是不公平的，仅有11．9％的差距可以认为是合理的；并且越是在大额的医疗支出上，城乡分割现象越严重。

英文摘要：

Based on the viewpoints of international mainstream health economics, this paper distinguishes the concepts of ＂rural - urban differences＂ and ＂rural - urban disparities＂ in China＇ s heahhcare. Using the cross - section data of CHNS2009, we adopt counterfactual analysis method to measure the inequity in the differences in rural- urban heahhcare, i.e. rural- urban disparities which is defined in this paper. Our researches show that： 88.1% of rural - urban differences are unequal, only 11.9% are supposed to be rational; and rural - urban disparities are even more severe in large amount of medical expenses.