中文摘要：

在GIS和遥感技术支持下,利用1973年MSS遥感影像、1983年航空遥感土地利用图、1990年TM、2000年TM和2005年CBERS遥感影像对新疆塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被变化过程和生态环境效应进行了分析。结果表明,1973-2005年塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被发生了显著变化,耕地、未利用地和城乡居民及建设用地面积分别增加了25.72×104hm^2、17.33×104hm^2和0.51×104hm^2,林地、草地和湿地面积分别减少了29.10×104hm^2、8.63×104hm^2和5.84×104hm^2。在1973-1983年、1983~1990年、1990~2000年、2000~2005年4个时段中土地利用变化呈＂显著变化—缓慢变化—显著变化—急剧变化＂的过程。土地利用类型转移的主要方向是林地和草地转化为耕地、耕地转化为城乡居民及建设用地、草地转化为未利用地。土地利用/覆被的变化引起了干流区水环境恶化、土壤质量改变、天然植被严重退化、土地荒漠化和盐渍化加剧、湿地面积减少和生物多样性丧失等一系列生态环境问题

英文摘要：

Combined the integrated technology of ecological quantity analytical method with GIS technology,based on the MSS images in 1973,TM images in 1990 and 2000,CBERS images in 2005 and the land use data of 1983,the changes of land use/cover were analyzed in this paper in the main stream of Tarim River from 1973 to 2005.The results showed that the areas of farmland and residential land increased 25.72×104 hm^2,17.33×104 hm^2 and 0.51×104 hm^2 while the areas of grassland,forest and wetland decreased 29.10×104 hm^2,8.63×104 hm^2 and 5.84×104 hm2 respectively.Land use change underwent a process of obvious change-slow change-obvious change-tremendous change in 1973-1983,1983-1990,1990-2000,and 2000-2005.The major patterns of land use change were the conversions of grassland,forest and wetland to farmland,farmland to residential land,and grassland to unused land.The main eco-environmental effects by land use/cover change in the mainstream of Tarim River were as following： Land use/cover change caused water environmental degradation,soil physicochemical properties change,severe degradation of the natural vegetation,soil salinization,land desertification,wetlands area reduction and loss of biodiversity.