基于全国19个行业4085份问卷调查数据,运用Gini系数和Theil指数对行业收入差距现状进行了统计测算;对Mincer收入模型进行了扩展,基于Shorrocks回归分解方法,从六个方面对行业收入差距的主要影响因素及其贡献率进行实证研究。结果表明:我国行业收入差距较大,基尼系数已超过警戒线;个人基本特征、人力资本、政治资本、行业本身特征、地区差异和制度因素对职工个人收入有显著影响;人力资本、制度因素和地区差异对行业收入差距的贡献率依次排在前三位,而政治资本、行业本身特征和个人基本特征对行业收入差距的贡献率较小。在此基础上,提出了缩小行业收入差距的政策建议。
The result indicates that industry income gap of China is large and Gini coefficient has exceeded the warning line. Personal characteristics, human capital, political capital, industry characteristics, regional differences and institutional factors have a significant influence on personal income. The contribution rate of human capital, institutional factors and regional differences to the in- dustry income gap are in the top three, while political capital, industry characteristics and personal characteristics' contribution rate are much smaller. On this basis, this paper proposes to narrow the industry income gap.