中文摘要：

脂多糖是大多数革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁的主要成分，能诱发宿主细胞固有免疫反应，在细菌的识别、黏附、转移、致病等过程中发挥非常重要的作用．其结构组成与细菌的血清型和致病能力息息相关，因而对其结构进行精准分析，有助于研究其结构与生物效应间的关系，便于鉴别菌种和研发相关的抗生素及疫苗．由于脂多糖具有两亲性、多电荷且结构复杂等特点，为研究分析带来很多难题．本文全面归纳了细菌脂多糖分析技术的相关研究成果，阐述脂多糖及其寡糖链的提取、分离纯化及鉴定方法．

英文摘要：

Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, the main component of the cell wall of most gram-negative bacteria, can activate the innate immune response of host cells, and play important roles during the process of recognition, adhesion, metastasis and pathopoiesis of bacteria. Importantly, the structure of LPS determines both the serotype and the pathogenicity of a bacterial infection. Therefore, accurate analysis of its structure is essential for a better understanding of the relationship between LPS structure and its biological effects. Furthermore, reliable determination of its structure might assist in identification of hitherto unknown strains, as well as in the development of novel antibiotic compounds and vaccines. However, the amphiphilic, multi-charged and structural complicated nature of LPS presents a major challenge for its structural analysis. In this review, we summarize recently developed tools for the analysis of bacterial LPS, covering the latest approaches to extracting, separating, purifying and identifying LPS ＆ its oligosaccharide chains.