中文摘要：

糖组学是继基因组学、蛋白质组学之后,又一门新兴的学科,其主要是研究糖分子的结构与功能.糖是一类比核酸、蛋白质更加独特的生物分子,它们不仅是生物体储存能量和释放能量的主要物质,更是生物体内的信息传递分子,并且在生理和病理过程中扮演着重要的角色,如细胞间的识别作用、炎症以及自身免疫疾病等.在结构上,糖类物质更为复杂,具有宏观不均一性（蛋白质上有多个糖基化位点）和微观不均一性（同一结合位点上可以连接不同的多糖）,所以糖链的结构解析一直是糖组学研究的难题.相较于传统的分析方法,质谱法具有高灵敏度、高精度、高通量等优势,被认为是在糖链结构解析过程中重要的分析方法.本文综述了质谱、多级质谱、液相色谱-质谱、毛细管电泳-质谱等方法在糖组学中糖链结构解析的研究进展.

英文摘要：

Glycomics represents a novel omics technology developed after the genomics and proteomics, which focus on the glycan structure and function.As a group of biomolecule, glycans provide and store energy within the cell, and play many significant roles in physiological and pathological processes, such as cell-cell recognition and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Structural analysis of glycan is the bottleneck of glycomics research,due to their macro-heterogeneity（site occupancy） and micro-heterogeneity（different glycoforms attached to one glycosylation site）. Comparing with traditional analysis approaches, mass spectrometry has become the method of choice for structural analysis methods in glycan, thanks to its ability to require minute amounts of sample, gain more different information and to be used in combination with high-throughput analysis methods. This paper summarizes the advance in our understanding of glycan structures using mass spectrometry（MS）, including multistage mass spectrometry（MSn）, LC-MS and CE-MS.