中文摘要：

目的分析遗传和环境因素分别对成年男性吸烟、戒烟和开始吸烟年龄〈20岁3个吸烟行为相关维度的影响。方法利用电子问卷面对面调查法获得中国双生子登记系统中9省／市的6458对25岁及以上成年男性双生子的吸烟行为相关信息，通过拟合结构方程模型，计算遗传和环境对吸烟相关行为的影响。结果成年男性双生子吸烟、戒烟以及开始吸烟年龄〈20岁3个维度的最佳模型均为ACE模型，其遗传度分别为0．26（0．19—0．34）、0．27（0．19—0．37）和0．05（0．00～0．14）；调整地区和年龄因素后，3个维度的遗传度分别为0．26（0．19—0．34）、0．31（0.00～0．74）和0．05（0．00．0．14）。结论吸烟相关行为的3个维度均受到遗传因素的影响，但环境因素对这类行为的影响更大，其中戒烟行为的遗传度较高，受到环境影响较小；开始吸烟年龄则受环境影响最大。

英文摘要：

Objective To analyze the influences of genetic and environmental factors on smoking behavior, smoking cessation and onset age of smoking less than 20 years in male twin adults. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire was conducted to collect data from 6 458 pair male twins aged ≥25 years registered in 9 provinces （municipality） in China. The heritability of three smoking related behaviors were calculated by using structural equation models. Results The ACE models were the best models of the three dimensions of smoking, i.e. smoking behavior, smoking cessation and onset age of smoking less than 20 years for male twins, and the corresponding heritability of these behaviors were 0.26 （0.19-0.34）, 0.27 （0.19-0.37） and 0.05 （0.00-0.14）, respectively. When adjusted for area and age, the heritability of these three behaviors were 0.26 （0.19-0.34）, 0.31 （0.00-0.74） and 0.05 （0.00-0.14）, respectively. Conclusions All the three smoking related behaviors were affected by genetic factors, but environment factors had more effect on them. For smoking cessation, the heritability was highest, but the influence of environmental factors was lowest. Meanwhile, for onset age of smoking, the influence of environmental factors was highest.