中文摘要：

神经系统副肿瘤综合征（paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome，PNS）是发生于某些恶性肿瘤患者体内神经系统表现异常的一类少见疾病，其临床表现多样，且神经系统症状的出现多早于恶性肿瘤的诊断。虽然抗神经元抗体对诊断PNS有提示作用，但是存在较多假阳性和假阴性情况。因此，PNS的诊断往往是临床工作的难点。PET/CT是一种解剖和功能融合的显像技术，通过一次扫描即可评价全身情况。脱氧氟代葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT对于PNS的诊断优势不但在于能够显示全身范围内潜在的恶性肿瘤病灶，而且可以早期发现脑部代谢异常。本文通过介绍PNS的发病机制、临床表现、诊断，并对FDG PET/CT在诊断PNS的研究进展做一综述，拟为临床上PNS的诊断提供帮助。

英文摘要：

Para-neoplastic neurological syndrome （PNS） is a series of rare illnesses affecting the nervous system and associated with several malignant tumors. PNS is manifested by various clinical symptoms, which conventionally precede the diagnosis of tumors in months or even years. Although anti-neuronal antibodies can indicate the presence of cancer, numerous false positive and false nega-tive cases are detected. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis of PNS has become a challenge. Position emission tomography/computed to-mography （PET/CT） is an image-fusion method containing anatomical and functional information and can be used to obtain whole-body images by a single scan. Fluoro-deoxy-glucose （FDG） PET/CT imaging can reveal potential malignant lesions in the whole body and diagnose specific types of cancer. This technology can also be applied to assess functional abnormality in the brain and moni-tor its response to treatment. Furthermore, the mechanism, clinical manifestation, and diagnosis of PNS are introduced in this study. Re-cent applications of FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of PNS are reviewed to improve diagnostic accuracy.