中文摘要：

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测神经肽Y（neuropeptide Y，NPY）基因全部3个外显子在高繁殖力山羊品种（济宁青山羊）、中等繁殖力山羊品种（波尔山羊）和低繁殖力山羊品种（内蒙古绒山羊和安哥拉山羊）中的单核苷酸多态性，分析该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响；并对济宁青山羊NPY基因3个外显子进行克隆测序，推导出编码的氨基酸序列，同时将济宁青山羊核苷酸和氨基酸序列与绵羊、牛、人、大鼠、小鼠和鸡6个物种的序列进行比较。结果表明，在4个山羊品种中未检测到NPY，基因3个外显子的多态性；这7个物种的核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为71．6％-99．7％和81．4％～100％；与牛、人等6物种相比，济宁青山羊NPY，基因氨基酸序列38位存在特有突变（E38D）。可见，物种间NPY基因保守性强，NPY，基因可能不是影响山羊高繁殖力的主效基因。

英文摘要：

The neuropeptide Y （NPY） gene was studied as a candidate gene for high prolificacy in some goat breeds （Capra hircus）. Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of all three exons （exons 1,2 and 3） of NPYgene were detected in high prolificacy breed （Jining Grey goat）, medium prolificacy breed （Boer goat） and low prolificacy breeds （Inner Mongolia Cashmere and Angora goats） by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism （PCR-SSCP）. No polymorphism was detected in the amplified region in the four goat breeds tested. DNA fragments of exons 1,2 and 3 of Jining Grey goat NPY gene were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector. The positive clones were further identified by PCR. The nucleotide sequences were detected and the amino acid sequences of these three fragments were deduced. The comparison of the fragments of all three exons of Jining Grey goat NPY gene with those of human, cattle, sheep, rat, mouse and chicken NPY gene showed that the homologies of the nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of the fragments among these seven species were from 71.6% to 99. 7% and from 81.4% to 100% respectively. One special variation was found in the 38th position of amino acid sequence, which was aspartic acid in Jining Grey goats and glutamic acid in other species. The results indicated that the NPY gene was highly conserved among mammals,and may not be a major gene that affects the high prolificacy in goats.