中文摘要：

为研究不同品种马铃薯淀粉的结构特征，采用小角x射线散射仪、偏光显微镜、x射线衍射仪及凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光光散射联用技术系统分析了10种马铃薯淀粉的半结晶层结构、结晶形态、直链淀粉含量、相对分子质量和分子构象．结果表明：10种马铃薯淀粉颗粒的半结晶层结构存在差异，陇3的半结晶层厚度最小，其双螺旋结构排列最为有序，青2和青6的半结晶层厚度最大；10种马铃薯淀粉颗粒均为多晶体系，其结晶形态均为B型结构，但结晶度不同；10种马铃薯淀粉的直链淀粉含量不同，费乌瑞它、青5、青8的重均分子质量相对较大，除青5在二甲基亚砜中的构象为无规则卷曲外，其余均为球型．上述不同层次结构的差异为加工专用马铃薯淀粉的开发提供了基础数据．

英文摘要：

To reveal the structural characteristics of different kinds of potato starches, the semi-crystalline structure, crystalline morphology, amylose content, relative molecular mass and molecular conformation of ten kinds of potato starches were systematically analyzed by means of small-angle X-ray scattering, polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction and gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. The results show that the granules of the ten kinds of potato starches are of different semi-crystalline structures, for instance, Long 3 possesses the minimum semi-crystalline lamellae thickness and the most orderly double-helix alignment, while Qing 2 and Qing 6 possess the maximum semi-crystalline lamellae thickness. All the starches are multi-crystal systems with the same B-type crystalline structure but with different erystallinity and amylose content. Moreover, it is found that the weight-average molecular mass of Feiwuruita, Qing 5 and Qing 8 are relatively larger, and that Qing 5 in DMSO exhibits in the form of random coil, while the rest are all in a spherical form. All of the above-mentioned structure differences in different scales provide basic data for the development of potato starches for special processing.