中文摘要：

针对反渗透系统在给定流速和渗人端定浓度条件下的膜效率系数求解问题,提出利用粘土中盐运移模型的解析解计 算膜效率系数的方法.通过设计反渗透试验,测定拟稳定状态下相关参数,利用盐运移模型的解析解,求得粘土膜效率系 数,由此进一步讨论流速测定值的误差和拟稳定时长变化对膜效率系数影响.研究表明,重塑粘土膜效率系数为0.9010- 0. 9064,粘土的膜性能好,但1M d后计算的渗出浓度达到0. 0998 mol·L - 1,接近于渗人浓度0. 1 mol · L - 1,说明粘土膜 拦截盐的能力随时间下降.此外,在拟稳定状态下的敏感性分析表明,流速在偏离试验设定条件的±10%范围内,对膜效 应系数的影响不超过±1. 25% ,拟稳定时长变化对膜效应系数的影响不超过0. 71 % ,说明计算方法可靠性高.

英文摘要：

To solve the problem of the membrane efficiency coefficient in a reverse osmosis system under the condition of constant velocity and fixed concentration at the infiltrated side, this paper puts forward a new method to calculate the efficiency coefficient of clay membrane by using analytical solution to the model for salt transport in clay. We designed a reverse osmosis experiment to measure the related parameters at quasi-steady state and to obtain the efficiency coefficient of clay membrane. Moreover,the influence of the water flux disturbance and a quasi-steady time on the value of achieved membrane efficiency coefficient is also addressed in this study. The results show that the membrane efficiency coefficient of the remolded clay sample is about 0. 9010 -0. 9064’ indicating that the clay is of nice performance of membrane interception. However, after 120 days the calculated exudation concentration is 0. 0998 mol· L-1 , approximately up to 0. 1 mol · L-1 of the permeate concentration,indicating that clay’s ability to intercept salt decreases with time. In addition, under the quasi-steady state condition, sensitivity analysis shows that 10% of the water flux disturbance leads to the change of membrane efficiency coefficient less than 1.25%,and the effect of the quasi-steady time duration on the membrane efficiency coefficient is less than 0. 71%,indicating high reliability of the proposed methodology.