中文摘要：

利用NaCl颗粒为造孔剂，通过粉末冶金方法制备多孔结构的Ni3Al合金，并采用控制升温速度和保温时间的烧结工艺，添加不同质量分数的NaCl制备Ni3Al。研究造孔剂NaCl的添加量与Ni3Al合金的孔隙度、孔隙结构之间的关系。并研究采用元素粉末法制备多孔Ni3Al合金的反应过程与孔隙形成过程。结果表明，Ni3Al的多孔结构是由真空状态下材料中添加的NaCl挥发后所形成的，添加NaCl的量对材料孔隙度和孔隙结构有显著的影响，通过调节NaCl颗粒的大小可以直接控制材料中孔隙的大小，孔隙形状与NaCl颗粒的形状一致。孔隙度随NaCl添加量的提高而提高，材料密度随NaCl添加量的提高而降低，基本呈线性关系。当采用NaCl的质量分数为50％时，得到孔隙分布均匀、孔隙无聚集的多孔Ni3Al材料。

英文摘要：

The porous Ni3Al alloy was prepared by using powder metallurgy method and employing NaCl particle with a defined particle size as pore-forming material. Meanwhile, the sintering parameters including the temperature rising rate and the holding time were controlled as well as different additional amounts of NaCl as pore-forming to fabricate Ni3Al. Moreover, the relationships between the additional amount of NaCl and porosity and structure were investigated. The mechanism of reaction using powder metallurgy method to prepare porous Ni3Al alloy was presented. The results indicate the porous structure of Ni3Al forms due to the volatilization of added NaCl in vacuum; the additional amount of NaCl has an important effect on material porosity and porous structure; the size of pore could be controlled by NaCl particle size directly, and the shape of pore correspondences with the shape of NaCl particle. This specimen porosity increases as the additional amount of NaCl increases while the density decreases and the relationship between them is nearly a line. When the additional amount of NaCl reaches 50%, the Ni3Al alloy with homogeneous distributed pore and without gathered pores can be obtained.