中文摘要：

在阐述稠油地球化学特征基础上，对稠油的成因及其判识的最新研究进展进行了综述，稠油成因类型分原生型和次生型，其中，次生型稠油主要由生物降解、水洗和氧化作用分解、消耗或氧化原油中的烃类组分，使非烃和沥青质含量相对增加，致使原油密度和黏度增大，油质变稠。最后指出了目前稠油成因机制研究中存在的问题以及今后发展的方向。

英文摘要：

This paper summarizes the geochemical characteristics of heavy oil and gives a review of some advances in the genesis of heavy oil and the identification of heavy oil. Based on the genesis, the heavy oil can be divided into the original heavy oil and the secondary heavy oil. It is found that most of the secondary heavy oils were subjected to biodegradation, water washing and oxidation, which degrade, deplete, or oxidize the hydrocarbons in oil. When the content of non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene in oil increases, the density will be increased, and then the oil will become heavy. Finally, it discusses the shortages and the trend of research on the genesis of heavy oil.