中文摘要：

文章以历史文献学和历史地理学方法为基础，综合借鉴地理学的研究方法，通过文献研究、实地考察和遥感影像解译对流域内绿洲开发利用的空间格局进行了定性、半定量的分析研究。研究认为西夏时期黑河流域的农业人口大约在12万左右，绿洲面积约38000公顷；元代黑河流域农业人口较西夏减少了许多，大约在5万人左右，绿洲面积减少到约31900公顷。垦殖绿洲主要分布在黑河流域中游的张掖南部和酒泉周边，下游的居延地区等地。然而，由于西夏元时期关于粮食生产缺乏文献记载，人口数据也存在一定的不确定性。因此估算结果可能存在一定误差。

英文摘要：

The article on the basis of historical philology and historical geography method, refer the geog- raphy research method comprehensively, has given a qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on the spatial pattern of basin oasis development and utilization remote sensing image interpretation.The research through document research, geography research method and suggests that,the agricultural population in Xixia dynasty is around 120000,the oasis area is about 38000 hectares; this area has reduced a lot agricultural population in Yuan dynasty, just 50000 people, and the oasis area reduced to about 31900 hectares.The oasis were mainly distributed in the south of Zhangye city and the surrounding of Jiuquan city which located in the middle reach- es of this river ,in the downstream was Juyuan area, etc.Howevcr, due to lack of document record between Xixia and Yuan dynasties, the population data also has uncertainty, so that there may be some errors estimation re- suhs in this paper.