中文摘要：

微环礁由生长在珊瑚礁礁坪呈环带状结构的造礁珊瑚所形成，通常顶面死亡、周缘存活，是在海平面作用下形成的一种特殊的珊瑚结构。因为微环礁的生长上限严格受控于海平面，因此能指示厘米级上的海平面变化。利用微环礁与海平面之间的关系，国内外开展了一系列高分辨率的海平面变化研究，主要表现在：1）在构造稳定的区域，微环礁的环状生长条带能记录海平面在年际尺度上的波动，如重建近百年来的年分辨率的海平面变化历史、重建全新世不同时段海平面在年代际尺度上的波动等；2）在构造活动的区域，微环礁高精度指示海平面位置的功能能较好地指示相对海平面的变化，因此可用于记录地震导致的抬升或沉降，进而用来恢复古地震发生的时间和强度等，服务于发震机理的研究；3）在赤道太平洋区域，ENSO对海平面的影响也能够在微环礁的骨骼中记录下来。微环礁在南海有广泛的分布，为重建南海海平面的高分辨率变化历史提供了很好的材料。

英文摘要：

Under the influence of global change, the sea-level rise has become a major global issue which is widely concerned by the international society. To study the modern sea level change, it is essential to understand the history of past sea level fluctuations. In addition to short-term device-measured sea-level records, the study of history of sea level change is mainly dependent on a variety of proxy indicators. Amongst sea-level changes proxy indicators on coral reefs, microatolls are the most precise, geologically steadfast, and easy to use. Mieroatolls are hermatypic corals that grow on coral reef fiats in ring-like or ribbon-like shapes. With the effect of sea level fluctuation, it usually dies on the top and lives around edges. As the highest level of survival is strictly constrained by the sea level, the microatoll is able to indicate sea level changes in centimeter degree. By using correlation between microatolls and sea level, domestic and foreign scientists have developed a series of researches on high- resolution sea level change, mainly in the following areas： 1） in stable tectonic areas, the ring-like growth band records the annual sea level fluctuations, conducive to rebuilding the history of sea level changes in the recent century, or rebuilding the muhi-decadal sea level changes in different Holocene periods; 2） in active tectonic areas, microatolls, as the high accurate indicator in sea level, can finely indicate the relative changes of sea level; hence, it can be applied in recording the surficial uplift or subsidence by earthquakes, and furthermore restoring the time and intensity of ancient earthquakes to better understand on the triggering mechanism of the earthquake; 3） in the equatorial Pacific area, the skeletons of microatolls can also record the influences of ENSO on sea level. By studying the high-resolution sea-level changes from Porites microatolls, it will be conducive to extending the time sequence of device-measured sea-level records, revealing the patterns of sea-level fluctua