中文摘要：

文章介绍了人工岛的概念、发展和面临的问题及在珊瑚礁上建造人工岛的特点。结合南海诸岛珊瑚礁的实际情况,分析南海诸岛珊瑚礁适宜建造人工岛的地质地貌条件,认为南海诸岛的岛屿、沙洲和干出礁均适合建造人工岛,而受限制的生态环境条件则从珊瑚礁相带方面来分析,并指出人工岛建造工程对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响以及人工岛建造导致的水动力改变对珊瑚礁地貌的影响。最后介绍了已建设的和正在建设的人工岛,提出在南海诸岛礁人工岛建设上应注重规划和选址,工程建设应采用＂自然仿真＂的总体技术思路,力求使人工岛今后可持续发展。

英文摘要：

Artificial islands construction has long history in China and other coastal countries, but artificial islands construction on coral reefs are very different because of the special geological landforms and sediments. The concept, development and trends of the construction of artificial islands are reviewed and the general situation of coral reefs in the South China Sea is introduced. The South China Sea Islands lies to the east and south of Hainan Island and is rich for abundant tropical marine resources, such as territorial resources, marine petroleum and gas resources, tourism resources, harbor and channel resources. Its geopolitics is complex and the strategic positions special. The South China Sea Islands has 62 drying reefs and 49 lime-sand islands which is theoretically suitable for the construction of artificial islands. In the past 40 years, several neighboring countries have forcibly occupied some islands and reefs of the Nansha Islands, illegally reclaimed lands and built military structures, and extensively explored in adjacent waters to plunder marine petroleum and gas resources. And now the South China Sea Islands faces the same and more serious political situation and it needs rapid and effective respond. The geological and topographical conditions suitable for the exploitation and construction on coral reefs in the South China Sea Islands are analyzed, such as shoals, islets, and drying reefs. The ecological environment conditions affecting the land reclaimed are also evaluated from the view of coral reef facies, which include the impacts of the exploitation and construction on the coral reef ecosystem and those of the resultant hydrodynamic changes in the coral reef landforms. The built and under-building artificial islands are given as examples. An emphasis on planning and site selection for the land reclamation on the coral reefs in the South China Sea Islands is proposed and the technical idea of ＂natural simulation＂ for engineering construction and for future sustainable development is prod