中文摘要：

中国传统政治文化中“躬自厚”的一面，已被人们广为阐释。与“躬自厚”的一面相比，“责于人”的一面更能反映传统政治文化的本质。在许多时候，“躬自厚”是各种身份的人为了能够“责于人”而作的准备；君臣民互相责以本分，是传统政治活动的基本样式；而古代社会诸多矛盾的生成及其解决办法，也都直接或间接地与“责于人”的政治文化有关。认识到这样的政治文化，对于合理解释古代中国治乱现象具有重要的意义。

英文摘要：

Being more demanding with oneself and less so with others, a conception in traditional Chinese political culture, has been interpreted differently over time; its opposite, being more demanding with others and less so with oneself, is the truth of the traditional Chinese political culture, because the former functions only as preparations for the latter. Demanding from one another among the emperor, ministers and people for what they should do in their respective positions to the other two is the basic norm of the tra- ditional Chinese political culture; moreover, contradictions and their solutions in ancient Chinese societies are associated directly or indirectly with the latter. Such knowledge can help explain rectification of social disorder in ancient China.