中文摘要：

“推论”类语用标记（简称“推论标记”）,是指在表示根据和推论的句子或话轮之间起关联作用的表达式,如“（由此）可见”。近代汉语的推论标记非常丰富,包括以下三类：1.由“认知”义动词参与构成的;2.由“听”或“说”义动词参与构成的;3.由指示代词充当的。本文以发掘事实为主,分列以上三类推论标记的实例,并说明其与现代汉语同类成分的联系与区别。

英文摘要：

＂Inference＂class pragmatic markers, called as ＂inference markers＂ in this paper, refers to expressions which connect a reason with an inference in a turn-talking.＂Inference markers＂ in modern Chinese are very abundant, including the following three categories. The first category is made up of expressionscontaining ＂cognitive＂ righteousness verb; the second category consists of expressionscontaining＂hear＂ or ＂speak＂ righteousness verb; the third category is demonstrative pronoun to act in.In order to discover language facts, this paper lists the above three kinds of ＂Inference markers＂, and explains the relation and distinction between those with the similar composition in modem Chinese.