中文摘要：

目的 观察低矿物质饮水连续多代饮用后对机体蛋白质平衡和维生素水平的影响。方法 实验以自来水[简称A,溶解性总固体（total dissolved solids,TDS）为229.0 mg/L]作为正常水对照,3种低矿物质水分别为低矿水1（B,TDS 87.2 mg/L）、低矿水2（C,TDS 10.9 mg/L,在纯净水中人工添加了氯化钾和硫酸镁）、低矿水3（D,TDS 1.2 mg/L,纯净水）。断乳SD雌鼠120只、雄鼠60只,按随机数字表法分为4组,分别饮用上述4种水。参照国际经济合作与发展组织的两代繁殖实验标准OECD416,并参考中国《GB15193.15-2003繁殖试验标准》建立大鼠连续3代饮水暴露模型,至F2代10月龄时处死大鼠,采集腹主动脉血,采用自动生化分析仪检测血清蛋白合成指标总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PALB）、球蛋白（GLB）以及蛋白分解指标尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（CRE）;采用ELISA试剂盒检测雌鼠血浆维生素A和25（OH）维生素D_3[25-hydroxyvitamin D_3,25（OH）VD_3]水平。蛋白质代和维生素指标与水质的相关性采用双变量相关分析,其余指标采用单因素方差分析和t检验进行分析。结果 与A组相比较,雄鼠在B组和C组出现共同的变化,PALB降低（P=0.006,P=0.037）,BUN（P=0.015,P=0.012）降低,BUN/CRE比值降低（P=0.001,P=0.002）,同时B组还出现CRE增加（P=0.050）;雌鼠除D组的PALB增高外（P=0.030）,CRE在B组、C组和D组均增加（P=0.033,P=0.015,P=0.000）,BUN/CRE比值在3组都降低（P=0.002,P=0.003,P=0.044）。B组和D组维生素A均升高（P=0.020,P〈0.001）,但B、C组和D组的25（OH）D_3均降低（P均〈0.001）。相关性分析显示,25-OH-D_3水平与水质多项指标具有较强关联。结论 多代连续饮用低矿物质饮水可能不利于蛋白正向平衡,并降低25（OH）VD_3水平;25（OH）VD_3较维生素A更可能是水质健康效应的敏感指标。

英文摘要：

Objective To determine the multiple-generation effects of low mineral drinking water （LMDW） on protein metabolism, vitamin A and vitamin D3 levels in offspring rats. Methods Four kinds of drinking water were used in the experiment, that is, tap water [ A, total dissolved solids （TDS）, 229.0 mg/L, as control], and LMDW water B, C and D （containing TDS 87.2, 10.9 and 1.2 mg/L, respectively. Water C was artificially mineralized water with a small amount of KC1 and MgSO2 added in purified water）. Totally 120 weaning female and 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, and given the water separately for 3 generations continuously, based on the International Economic Cooperation and Development Organization of the 2 generations of experimental standard OECD416 and the Chinese National Standard GB15193. 15-2003. The rats after 10 months of breeding were sacrificed, and the abdominal aortic blood samples were collected for separating serum protein. Total protein （TP）, albumin （ALB）, pre-albumin （PALB）, globulin （GLB）, albumin and globulin ratio, and protein metabolism related indicators of urea, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （CRE） were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer, and the levels of vitamin A, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [ 25 （OH） VD3 ] by the ELISA. Correlation of protein metabolism and vitamins with water quality were analyzed with bivariate correlation analysis, and the other indicators were analyzed by single factor analysis of variance and students＇ t test. Results Compared with the group A, the male rats showed similar changes in the group B and group C, including significantly decreased PALB （P = 0.006, P=0.037）, BUN （P=0. 015, P =0.012） and BUN/CRE ratio （P =0.001, P =0.002）, and CRE was significantly increased （P =0. 050） in the group B. In the female rats, except the increased PALB in group D （P =0. 030）, CRE was elevated in the groups B, C and D （P =0. 033, P =0.015, P =0. 000）, and the BUN/CRE ra