中文摘要：

【目的】研究冬小麦生育期内土壤溶液中硝态氮及铵态氮的时空变化特征及变量追肥对其含量变化的影响,以期为田间作物的栽培与管理提供参考依据。【方法】以国家精准农业研究示范基地2013—2014年小麦试验为例,采用常规统计分析与地统计分析两种方法分别探索土壤溶液中硝态氮与铵态氮在时间序列上的变化特征及空间结构特征,并采用普通克里金插值法获取硝态氮与铵态氮空间分布图,最终比较分析了冬小麦生育期内硝态氮与铵态氮的空间变化规律。【结果】通过常规统计分析发现冬小麦起身期至收获期内,土壤溶液中铵态氮含量受追肥影响不明显,整体呈降低趋势,而硝态氮含量受追肥影响,呈先降低后升高又降低的趋势;在起身、拔节、开花与灌浆期,不同追肥处理间铵态氮的变化没有显著差异,在收获期,D、S处理与其他不同处理间有显著或极显著差异;硝态氮的变化在起身与开花期,不同处理间没有显著差异,在拔节期,BH处理与其他各处理间均有极显著差异;在灌浆期,CK处理与T处理、D处理、S处理间均有极显著差异;在收获期,D处理与其他各处理间有显著或极显著差异。通过地统计分析发现起身、拔节、收获期的铵态氮空间分布均一度较高,连续性强,空间自相关性好,而开花、灌浆期其空间分布差异较大,受随机因素影响严重;拔节、灌浆、收获期的硝态氮空间分布连续性强,均一度高,空间自相关性好,而起身、开花期其空间分布差异较大,空间自相关性较弱。分析对比硝态氮与铵态氮的空间插值图发现硝态氮在起身与拔节期,试验区北部含量低于南部,到开花与灌浆期整个试验区硝态氮含量普遍较高,到收获期变为北部含量高于南部;铵态氮在起身期,试验区北部含量低于南部且由北往南含量逐渐升高呈条带状分布,到开花与灌浆期其空间分布差异

英文摘要：

【Objective】 This study＇s aim was to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in a soil solution within the growth stage of winter wheat, and to analyze the influence on the change of their content under variable topdressing treatments, in order to provide references for the cultivation and management of field crops. 【Method】To take the 2013-2014 year winter wheat experiment at National Precision Agriculture Experimental Station as an example, two methods including conventional statistics and geostatistics were respectively used to explore the variation characteristics of the time series and spatial structure characteristics of the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, making the interpolation charts of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen with ordinary kriging interpolation, and finally analyzing the spatial variation rules of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in a whole growth stage of winter wheat. 【Result】Through the conventional statistic analysis： From the upstage to the harvest stage of winter wheat, the ammonium nitrogen content in soil solution was not obviously influenced by topdressing and had a decreasing trend while the nitrate nitrogen content was influenced by topdressing, and the performance for that change was first a decrease then an increase and decrease; The change of ammonium nitrogen had no difference between different topdressing treatments in the up, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and has a significant or great significant difference between the D treatment, S treatment, and others in the harvest stage; while that of nitrate nitrogen made no difference between different treatments in the up and flowering stages, and showed a great significant difference between the BH treatment and others in the jointing stage, and showed a great significant difference between the CK and T, D, and S treatments in the filling stage, and showed a significant or great significant difference between the D treatment an