中文摘要：

【目的】研究冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区土壤养分的时间和空间变化规律以及多年轮作对土壤养分的影响。【方法】以国家精准农业示范研究基地为例,利用GIS技术和地统计学方法,结合《北京土壤养分分等定级标准》,分析冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区土壤养分时空变异特征。【结果】从2000—2007年,研究区严重缺乏磷、钾养分,且含量等级呈下降趋势;土壤全氮含量虽在部分区域偏高,但盈亏等级也呈下降趋势;有机质含量略微增加,处于平衡状态。不同年度的各土壤养分的变异系数范围为11.00%—51.71%,属于中等程度的变异。随着时间的推移,有效磷、有机质、全氮和碱解氮空间分布稳定。速效钾在2001年空间分布规律与2000年和2007年不同,但2000年和2007年空间分布一致,说明土壤速效钾空间分布也具有一定的稳定性。【结论】整体上来说,研究区南部和东北部土壤养分含量偏高,中部含量偏低。当田块土壤物理特性有大的变动时,土壤养分的空间结构特征会受到一定影响;但当长时间田块耕作管理相对一致时,结构性因素（尤其土壤特性、气候）起主要作用。

英文摘要：

【Objective】The objective of this study was to explore the temporal and spatial variation rules of soil nutrients in winter wheat-summer maize rotation field and the influence of long-term rotation on soil nutrients.【Method】The temporal and spatial variability characteristics of soil properties on the wheat-corn rotation at the National Precision Agriculture Experimental Station were evaluated using GIS and geostatistical methods with soil nutrient classification standard in Beijing.【Result】Results showed that,from 2000 to 2007,the study area was seriously lack of potassium and phosphorus nutrients with downward trend,the soil total nitrogen content was high in some areas,but it also had the downward trend.Organic matter content slightly increased within a state of equilibrium.All soil nutrients were ranged from 11.00% to 51.71%,which belonged to medium degree of variation.With the passage of time,the effective phosphorus and organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali solution nitrogen spatial distribution law of soil available phosphorus（AP）,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen（AN）,total nitrogen（TN） and organic matter（OM） were stable.Although the spatial distribution law of available potassium（AK） in 2001 was different from the ones in 2000 and 2007,the spatial distribution of AK in 2000 and 2007 was similar.These showed that the spatial distribution of soil nutrients has a certain stability.【Conclusion】The study area had high nutrient content in the southern and northeast region,a little content in the central region.When the soil physical characteristics had big change,space structure characteristics of soil nutrients will be affected by certain influence;but when field cultivation management was relatively consistent over a long period of time,structural factors（especially soil characteristics and climate） will play the leading role.