中文摘要：

文中描述近年来在不同地区第四纪地层中发现的20多种类型菊科植物花粉形态特征，主要有3大类型：外壁具刺型、外壁内部具基柱型和大网胞型。并对它们的植物亲缘关系进行分类探讨。这些类型的化石花粉的植物关系都可归属到相应的现代菊科植物的族或属。据记载，早始新世古地中海至美国西北部亚热带略干旱温暖环境中出现的菊科祖先，可能是菊科植物的起源中心。根据现代植物属（或族）的相关资料，文中讨论了主要类型花粉的起源或分布。绝大多数类型分布于欧亚大陆及北美，在亚洲主要集中于喜马拉雅山及中国西南部。

英文摘要：

More than 20 kinds of morphological characters of pollen Quaternary age Compositae （Asteraceae） from the different areas of Eurasia were surveyed. Three patterns were recognized, echinate, echinate with eolumellae, and lophate. Each form could be assigned to tribes or genera of extant Compositae. The origin distribution of the main pollen types shows that the greatest diversity is centered in Eurasia and nothern America, whereas in Asia Compositae are chiefty found in the Himalayas and southwestern China. This pattern is consistent with the previously reported origin of Compsitae, during the Paleocene, having been in moderately arid and warm area ranging from the Mediterranean to northwestern America.