中文摘要：

总结“用工荒”的基本特征，分析其产生的原因，并提出企业和政府联手应对“用工荒”的对策。认为企业要通过机械化和自动化降低用工依赖、提高效率和向低成本地区转移来化解用工高成本，变革企业管理减少员工流失。政府要通过加快区域产业布局调整、加强农民工职业技能培训、加快农业现代化建设提高用工供给、推动农民工与市民在住房保障等方面平权、优化农民工就业服务和劳动力市场建设、构建“少取多予”的财税扶持等措施，帮助企业应对“用工荒”，实现转型升级。

英文摘要：

This paper summarizes basic features of China＇ s labor shortage, analyzes its sources, and proposes recommendations to deal with the shortage for the government and enterprises. Labor shortage might be allevated by reducing labor dependence through mechanization and automation, by cutting high labor costs through improving efficiency, and by decreasing staff turnover through management transformation. In order to promote enterprises＇ upgrading transformation, the government shall accelerate regional industrial structure adjustment, strengthen vocational training of migrant workers, speed up the modernization of agriculture, provide migrant workers citizenship treatment, optimize employment services and labor market, and implement proactive fiscal and tax policies.