中文摘要：

采用一种简便、快速和低温的水热法制备了超级电容器用Mn00微纳米球和微米棒粉体颗粒，并用正交试验和单因素实验对其制备工艺进行了优化。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学测试，研究了所得材料的晶体结构、表面形貌和超电容性能．最佳合成工艺条件为：反应温度150℃，KMnO4／MnCl2摩尔比2．5：1．0，反应时间3h，填充率40％。该工艺下所制的样品为α-MnO2，且呈现出空心、表面多孔的微纳米球和微米棒形貌．微纳米球的直径约为0．2—0．8μm，微米棒的直径约为30nm、长约为5μm．在此条件下，所得样品在100、150、200、250和300mA·g^-1电流密度下，第5次的放电比电容分别为255、170、133、105和88F·g^-1，其等效串联电阻和电荷转移电阻分别为0．37和0．40Ω．

英文摘要：

MnO2 powders with micro/nano spheres simple, quick and low-temperature hydrothermal method and microrods for supercapacitors were synthesized via a Their preparation process was optimized by orthorhombic test and single factor experiment. The crystalline structure, surface morphology and supercapacitive properties of the as-prepared MnO2 powders were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical measurement. Experimental results show that the optimal reaction conditions are the reaction temperature of 150 ℃, the KMnO4/MnCl2 molar ratio of 2.5：1.0, the reaction time of 3 h, and the filling factor of 40%. Under the optimal conditions, the as-prepared MnO2 powders have typical α-MnO2 structure with hollow and porous micro/nano spheres and microrods. The α-MnO2 micro/nano sphere diameter is about from 0.2 to 0.8 μm, while the a-MnO2 microrods have the diameter of 30 nm and the length of 5 μm. The discharge specific capacitance of products at the 5th discharge cycle retains 255, 170, 133, 105 and 88 F.g-1 at current densities of 100, 150,200,250 and 300 mA.g-1, respectively. Moreover, the values of equivalent series resistance and charge transfer resistance decrease to 0.37 Ω and 0.40 Ω, respectively.