中文摘要：

活动时间分配是指动物根据环境和自身需求从事各种基本行为和活动的过程,受季节性变化的食物和温度等生态因素的影响。2013年3月至2014年2月,在太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区天坛山管护区,采用目标动物取样法,观察并记录了一个野生太行山猕猴群（WW-1群）内成年雌性个体的活动特征及其季节性变化,旨在了解成年雌性猕猴的日活动时间分配及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）成年雌性猕猴的活动时间分配表现出明显的季节性变化。春季,雌性猕猴花费52.9%时间于休息、19.5%时间于取食、11.8%时间于移动;夏季,用于休息、取食、移动的时间比例分别为53.4%、18.0%和11.3%;秋季,猕猴花费35.9%时间于取食、30.0%时间于休息,15.9%时间于移动;冬季,用于取食、休息和移动的时间比例分别为35.4%、39.7%和8.0%;（2）春季,成年雌性太行山猕猴主要取食种子（35.4%）和树叶（34.3%）;夏季,树叶（73.5%）主导其每日食物组成;秋季,主要取食种子（98.1%）;冬季,树皮（82.1%）则成为猕猴的主要食物;（3）当每日食物组成以草和树叶为主时,猕猴用于取食的时间增加,移动时间减少;当每日食物组成以种子为主时,则取食时间减少,移动时间增加;（4）随着气温降低,猕猴取食时间增加,而移动时间减少。总之,成年雌性太行山猕猴的日活动时间分配主要受季节性变化的食物资源和气温的影响,它们可通过日活动时间的调整以适应食物和环境温度的季节性变化。

英文摘要：

Activity budget,referred to time cost and adjustment in activities of animals,is adjusted by animals according to environmental variables and seasonal changes. From March 2013 to February 2014,a free-ranging troop（ Wangwu- 1,WW- 1） of rhesus macaques（ Macaca mulatta）,inhabiting the Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve（ TMNNR）,Jiyuan,China,was selected as our target troop. Seasonal variations in activity budget of adult female Taihangshan macaques（ M. m. tcheliensis） and the factors influencing it were investigated. The results showed that：（ 1） there were significant seasonal variations in activity budgets in adult female macaques. In spring,adult females spent 52. 9%,19. 5%,and 11. 8% of total acting times on resting,feeding and traveling,respectively; in summer,they respectively spent53. 4%,18. 0%,and 11. 3% time on resting,feeding and traveling; in autumn,they spent 35. 9%,30. 0%,and15. 9% of time on feeding,resting and traveling; in winter,adult females spent 35. 4%,39. 7%,and 8. 0% of time on feeding,resting and traveling;（2） in spring,adult females mainly fed on seeds（35. 4%） and leaves（34. 3%）; while insummer,leaves（73. 5%） served as their main food items; in autumn,female macaques mainly fed on seeds（98. 1%）,and more bark（82. 1%） was consumed in winter;（3） adult female macaques increased feeding time and reduced traveling time when feeding on grass and leaves with lower energy,while reduced feeding time and increased travelling time when feeding on plant seeds with higher energy; and（4） adult females increased feeding time and reduced traveling time with increasing ambient temperature. We conclude that adult female Taihangshan macaques had obvious seasonal variations in activity budgets that were mainly affected by changing food resources and ambient temperature.