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The Origin of Wrinkles on Transferred Graphene

ISSN号：1998-0124
期刊名称：Nano Research
时间：2011.10.10
页码：996-1004
分类：O484[理学—固体物理;理学—物理] P578.16[天文地球—矿物学;天文地球—地质学]
作者机构：[1]Center for Nanochemistry （CNC）, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, [2]These authors contributed equally to this work.
相关基金：The research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China （Grants Nos. 51072004, 50802003, 20973013, and 50821061） and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （Grants Nos. 2007CB936203, 2009CB29403, 2011CB933003, and 2011CB921903）.
相关项目：石墨烯的偏析生长与能带调控

关键词：高定向裂解石墨, 皱纹, 起源, 表面生长, 生长基质, 原子力显微镜, 转移过程, 热膨胀系数, Graphene, wrinkle, transfer, surface topography, atomic force microscopy

中文摘要：

当二维的 graphene 是从三维的高度面向的 pyrolytic 石墨(HOPG ) 的 exfoliated 时，涟漪或折皱总是由于内在的热变化存在。表面成年的 graphenes 也展出皱纹，它在尺寸是更大的并且被认为被差别在高温度生长以后在冷却过程在在 graphene 和内在的底层之间的热扩大系数引起。为进一步的描述和应用程序，转移表面成年的 graphenes 到绝缘的底层上是必要的，并且另外的皱纹在这进程期间被产生。这里，我们集中于转移 graphene 的皱纹并且证明生长底层的表面形态学是在面对面的转移过程产生的新皱纹的起源；我们把这些称为导致形态学的皱纹。把地志的数据基于几千原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) 的小心的统计分析，我们断定转移很少层 graphene 上的这些皱纹(典型地 13 层) 被生长底层形态学和转移决定过程。取决于转移媒介和条件，大多数皱纹也能被擦掉或保存。我们的工作为涉及组织生长底层并且定制转移过程的 graphene 工程建议一条新线路。

英文摘要：

When two-dimensional graphene is exfoliated from three-dimensional highly oriented pyrolytic graphite （HOPG）, ripples or corrugations always exist due to the intrinsic thermal fluctuations. Surface-grown graphenes also exhibit wrinkles, which are larger in dimension and are thought to be caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between graphene and the underlying substrate in the cooling process after high temperature growth. For further characterization and applications, it is necessary to transfer the surface-grown graphenes onto dielectric substrates, and other wrinkles are generated during this process. Here, we focus on the wrinkles of transferred graphene and demonstrate that the surface morphology of the growth substrate is the origin of the new wrinkles which arise in the surface-to-surface transfer process; we call these morphology- induced wrinkles. Based on a careful statistical analysis of thousands of atomic force microscopy （AFM） topographic data, we have concluded that these wrinkles on transferred few-layer graphene （typically 1-3 layers） are determined by both the growth substrate morphology and the transfer process. Depending on the transfer medium and conditions, most of the wrinkles can be either released or preserved. Our work suggests a new route for graphene engineering involving structuring the growth substrate and tailoring the transfer process.