中文摘要：

以705名初、高中生为被试,采用量表法和同伴提名法收集数据,探讨了自尊与攻击的关系以及对二者关系可能有影响的中介变量和调节变量的作用.结果表明：（1）自尊与攻击的相关系数为-0.21,这说明低自尊与高攻击有关;（2）回归方程纳入自控后,自尊对攻击的预测在统计意义上不明显,表明自尊通过自控对攻击产生影响,自控在自尊与攻击的关系中起着中介的作用;（3）社会地位对自尊与攻击之间的关系具有调节作用,它调节着两者关系的强度;（4）社会影响对自控的中介作用具有调节作用.

英文摘要：

Currently, the relationship between global self-esteem and aggression is being debated by many researchers. Traditionally, researchers believed that individuals with low self-esteem were prone to externalizing problems such as antisocial behavior. However, some researchers questioned this claim arguing that it was high self-esteem and not low self- esteem that was related to high violence. Other researchers sug~sted that the tree psychological trait related to aggression was narcissism. Many empirical evidences have supported all or any of these 3 viewpoints. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-esteem and aggression by adding 2 ＂third variables＂, namely, mediator and moderator. After summarizing the relevant reports, self-control was considered as the mediator and peer relationship as the moderator. A total of 705 junior and senior middle school students were assessed on 3 scales and peer nominations. The 3 scales used or developed in this study were self-esteem scale, aggression scale, and self-control scale, and all of them represented relatively good internal consistency reliabilities. The results were as follows： （1） the correlation coefficient of serf-esteem and aggression was -021, which implied that aggression was related to low serf-esteem; （2） the regression coefficient between serf-esteem and aggression was not statistically significant after the introduction of self-control into the regression equation, which indicated that self-esteem influenced aggression through self-control and that self-control mediated the relationship between serf-esteem and aggression; （3） social status moderated the effect of self-esteem on aggression and detailedly it moderated the strength of the effect; （4） social influence moderated the mediating effect caused by self-control.