中文摘要：

在各种自然灾害中,干旱是发生范围最广、频率最高、灾情和影响最严重的灾害。近年来,随着自然灾害损失的加剧,减灾工作得到各国政府前所未有的重视,各国科技工作者开始了包括干旱在内的自然灾害的评估工作。本文旨在把握干旱灾害评估的研究现状,力求对干旱灾害评估各个方面的研究做出较全面的总结和评价,以期达到促进中国干旱灾害评估研究进一步深化的目的。文章从干旱指标、干旱评估理论、干旱评估方法以及干旱评估类型等方面对国内外的研究进展进行了较全面的分析,分析表明,现有干旱评估研究多侧重于农业干旱和区域单品种干旱灾情的特征研究,缺乏从系统的角度综合研究干旱对生态环境、社会经济效应等区域灾害系统的模拟研究,干旱评估模型结果不能反映干旱带来的系统影响。未来的干旱评估研究要更多地应用新技术和新方法,不断向多学科、综合研究方向发展。

英文摘要：

Drought is a disaster which arises most frequently in the broadest area and has the most severe impactamong natural disasters.In recent years,because the loss from natural disasters increased obviously,govern-ments have paid more and more attention to the mitigation works.Scientists have begun to evaluate the impactsof natural disasters,including drought.This paper aims to grasp the actual situation of drought evaluating studyand promote its further deepening.The research progress at home and abroad about drought from index,evaluat-ing theory,evaluating methods and evaluating types is summarized.It is found from analysis that now-existingdrought evaluating study mainly focuses on agricultural drought and single crop variety drought,lacking the sim-ulation study of drought impact on ecological environment and social economy from a system point of view,and the drought evaluating models can not simulate the systematic impact of drought.It is suggested that futuredrought evaluating study should use more new techniques and methods and advance to the direction of multidis-ciplinary and comprehensive study.