中文摘要：

在隧道的建设过程中，因地质条件、施工等因素的影响在衬砌背后留有空洞的现象是比较普遍的，为了研究这种隧道病害对衬砌结构承载力造成的影响大小及对不同病害工况条件下衬砌结构受力破坏特征，通过对重庆某高速公路隧道典型断面因施工或环境原因造成二衬背后空洞的结构缺陷．睛况，在室内采用几何比为1：25的大比例模型试验，全面研究结构在不同围岩条件下、不同空洞位置以及不同地应力场（塑性地压、偏压及围岩松弛的垂直地压）作用下，隧道产生病害的形式、规律以及承载力的大小。同时采用相同的补强形式加固隧道结构，再进行破坏试验，最终得出空洞对结构承载力的影响是明显的，相同条件下，围岩类别越高，其承载能力越大，空洞对水平应力敏感，在水平应力为主应力时，拱顶空洞的影响大于拱腰空洞的影响；竖直应力作用为主的地应力场，产生病害时对应的竖直荷载高低排序为：无缺陷时最高，中等空洞最低。

英文摘要：

During the course of tunnel construction, cavitiy of lining was very universal due to the masons of geologieal condition and construction. For the sake of researching on the effect degree about structure load capacity and destroy character of lining on the defect and disease condition, the paper study on the structural defect （cavity behind final lining, etc. ） caused by construction or environment for typical sections in Chongqing expressway tunnel were discussed, large scale model test with geometric proportion 1：25 was applied to study on disease form and law as well as bearing capacity under different surrounding rocks, cavity locations and earth stress fields. At the same time, same reinforcing method was used to reinforce tunnel structures and failure test was carried out. It is found that effects of various cavities on bearing capacity after reinforced are very large. At the same condition, the more of rock mass level is, the bigger of its load capacity is. The structure load capacity with cavities is more Sensitivity than others. Effect of structure load capacity as the cavities locate at the crown is larger than at the wall under the horizontal maximal primary stress. But when vertical primary stress is the largest, vertical load of no defect structure is biggest, middling emptiness is the least as the defect produced.