中文摘要：

蛋白质翻译后修饰对蛋白质生物学功能起着至关重要的作用。蛋白质巯基亚硝基化（s-nitrosylation，SNO）是一种一氧化氮相关的氧化还原型可逆修饰。它广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中。近年来的研究表明SNO与蛋白质修饰位点的精细化学结构紧密关联，其中可能存在多种尚未证实的中间体。另一方面，研究发现SNO与肿瘤、炎症、衰老、阿尔茨海默症和帕金森综合症等许多重大疾病相关。为了进一步药物发现与疾病治疗研究的需要，本文对SNO的形成机理与研究现状进行了系统总结，并着重介绍了SNO与相关疾病的研究进展。

英文摘要：

Protein S-nitrosylation （SNO） is a dynamic and reversible oxidative post-translational modification, widespread in mammals, plants and microorganisms. Previous mechanistic investigation with high-level quantum calculations indicated that many meta-stable intermediates present in the reaction pathway. On the other hand, S- nitrosylation level significantly changes in various human diseases, including tumor, inflammation, aging, Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. More intensive study has become an urgent need for drug and therapy development. In this paper, molecular mechanism and site-specificity of SNO are summarized, the biological functions are discussed, and especially the correlation between SNO and human diseases are presented.