中文摘要：

本文首先选取1985年至2009年各省的数据，构建Panel Data模型实证检验了我国城乡收入差距的变化趋势，结果表明存在明显的库兹涅茨效应，即我国的城乡收入差距随着经济的增长，呈现先扩大再缩小的变化趋势，印证了我国过去属于“先增长，后分配”的经济发展模式。随后，基于全国的整体样本以及按照农业产值在全国农业总产值中所占比重划分的农业大省和非农业大省的数据样本，检验了各种农村金融政策的有效性，结果显示并非所有的政策手段都能够达到预期效果，甚至还有一些政策的结果事与愿违。凶此，在发展农村金融，改善城乡收入差距的政策选择方面，必须审时度势和因地制宜，才能够达到事半功倍的效果。

英文摘要：

This paper primarily employs Panel Data Models using the provincial data from 1985 to 2009, to test the changes of the income gap between urban and rural residents. The empirical result proves that the Kuznets Curve truly exists in China, which is to say, along with the economic development, the income inequality present the trend of expanded at first and then narrowed, which proves China＇s economic development model was growth first and then distribution. Subsequently, the authors examine whether the various rural financial policies really could effectively decline income inequality or not, from the angle of the whole country and regional segmentations respectively. It is found that not all policies were able to work well, and even some of them led to the inverse outcome, intensifying inequality. Therefore, it is a must to take different policies according to the local environment regarding to rural finance development and distribution inequality improvement.