中文摘要：

近数十年来天山冰川强烈退缩，但东、西天山冰川的退缩幅度差别很大．乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川作为东天山代表性冰川，图尤克苏冰川为西天山代表性冰川，在近约40a来它们的冰川年净物质平衡分别为-235mm及-409mm，冰川末端的平均变化率分别为-0．0018·a^-1及-0．0047·a^-1冰川面积的平均变化率分别为-0．0029·a^-1及-0．0046·a^-1，东、西天山较大范围的冰川面积变化率也分别为-0．0018·a^-1及-0．0072·a^-1东、西天山气候格局大致相似，降水量自西向东减少，冰川的退缩主要由夏季气温上升引起，但变化率的巨大差异则可用不同的冰川物质平衡水平及稳定性系数来解释．在乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川及图尤克苏冰川物质平衡水平分别为633mm及1180mm，稳定性系数分别为0．514及0．326，物质平衡水平愈高及稳定性系数愈低，冰川对于气候变化的响应愈敏感．

英文摘要：

The glaciers in Tianshan Mountains are retreating. But the retreating rate is quite different between East and West Tianshan Mountains. The Glacier No. 1 at the headwaters of urumqi River is taken as a representative glacier for East Tianshan Mountains, and the Glacier Tuyuksu is taken as a representative glacier for West Tianshan Mountains. The mean net mass balance is -235 mm and -409 mm, the mean glacier terminal variation rate is -0. 0018·a^-1 and -0. 0047 ·a^-1, the mean rate of glacierized area variation is -0. 0029 ·a^-1 and -0. 0046·a^-1 respectively, for the East and West Tianshan Mountains. While glacierized area variation rate in larger regions is -0. 0018·a^-1 and -0. 0072 ·a^-1, respectively, during the last 40 years. The climate patterns of East and West Tianshan Mountains are similar while precipitation decreases from west to east. This results in that the large glacier retreating mainly due to the rising of summer temperature in the whole mountains. However, the great difference in variation rate between East and West Tiashan Mountains can be explained by the difference of glacier mass balance lever and the glacier stability coefficient. For Glacier No. 1 and Glacier Tuyuksu, the glacier mass balance lever and the glacier stability coefficient are 633 mm, 1180 mm and 0. 514, 0. 326, respectively. The result indicates that the higher mass balance level and smaller glacier stability coefficient, the more sensitive to climate change.