中文摘要：

Nb-V微合金钢在1200℃固溶0.5h后淬火,在450℃回火不同时间,用三维原子探针（3DAP）研究了回火过程中合金碳化物的形核规律.结果显示,淬火态Nb-V微合金钢在450℃回火时合金碳化物处于形核阶段,合金元素可通过动态再分配,实现渗碳体到合金碳化物的原位转变,或者在位错等缺陷处直接与C结合,完成合金碳化物的单独成核长大,或者偏聚在残余奥氏体/基体和未溶的AIN粒子/基体界面处,实现合金碳化物的异质形核长大.

英文摘要：

During tempering of martensite a complex carbide precipitation sequence appeared in the steel particularly containing microalloyed elements such as V, Nb and Ti. The alloy carbide, which usually precipitates following cementite precipitation in certain temperature range, has been designed to maximize the number density and to retard the coarsening for increasing soften resistance. During the nucleation stage of the alloy carbide, the dislocations and interfaces of distinct phases are the actively precipitated position. However, because of extremely small sizes, their characterization is restricted by the analytic resolution of conventional methods. The 3D atom probe （3DAP） is a particularly helpful instrument with atomic spatial resolution and high componential sensitivity in the characterization of the early stages of precipitation reactions. In this paper, the 3DAP companied with TEM and micro-hardness test was applied to characterize the early nucleation stage of the alloy carbides precipitated during tempering of Nb-V microalloyed steel after quenched from solution treatment at 1200 ℃ for 0.5 h. With the tempering time prolonged from 0.5 to 100 h at 450 ℃, the micro-hardness of the experimental steel changes with the microstructure recovery and carbide evolution （from cementite to alloy carbide）. The two peak hardness values appeared at 4 and 100 h tempering are related to precipitate cementite and alloy carbide, respectively. The nucleation of the alloy carbides happens during 30 h tempering at 450 ℃. The alloyed elements dynamically redistributed in the existed remnant austenite, that is, non carbide-forming elements such as Si and Al diffuse to matrix from the cementite, whereas the carbide-forming elements such as Mo, Nb and V enriched in the cementite, resulting in in situ transformation of alloy carbides. The intragranular defects such as high density dislocation in martensite also act as nucleation sites of alloy carbide, at which V and Nb directly combine with C and lead to the formation