中文摘要：

采用四种任务考察英文词、汉字词、甲骨文、东巴文和图画在知觉加工和语言加工中的特点,揭示不同类型符号的认知机制。实验1采用知觉相似度判断和语义一致性判断考察符号在知觉加工和语义加工中的特点;实验2考察符号在命名与分类中的表现。结果表明：（1）不同类型符号在知觉相似度判断和语义一致性判断中表现不同。符号相似的顺序与文字演化的顺序一致。（2）不同类型符号的命名与分类反应具有不对称性：英文词和汉字词的命名快于分类,甲骨文、东巴文和图画的分类快于命名。（3）无论是命名还是分类,对汉字词和图画的反应均快于对东巴文和甲骨文的反应。对英文词命名快于对甲骨文和东巴文命名,对英文词分类慢于对东巴文分类。（4）英文词、汉字词和图画的命名与分类反应具有不对称性：对英文词、汉字词命名快于对图画命名,对图画分类快于对英文词、汉字词分类。甲骨文和东巴文的命名与分类反应具有不对称性：对甲骨文命名快于对东巴文命名,对东巴文分类快于对甲骨文分类。所以如此,既与符号的外形特征和区别性特征有关,又与符号记录语言的方式以及对符号的熟悉度有关。研究结果为确定文字发展和演变的规律及甲骨文与东巴文的性质提供了心理学依据。

英文摘要：

Words＇ naming and categorizing can reflect words＇ processing course and mechanism.English words,Chinese words,inscription on oracle bones,Dongba pictograph and pictures were different symbolic systems in the history of human characters＇ development.It had important theoretical values to investigate the features of these five symbolic systems.Two experiments were adopted to investigate five symbolic systems＇ characteristics.Perceptive similarity evaluation task was performed in Experiment 1a.Two types of symbols were matched,participants were asked to evaluate the similarity level by 7-point scale.Each kind of materials had 16 stimuli including animal,plant,human organs,natural objects and tools.Twenty-six university students participated in this study and they were required to learn and get acquainted with the materials before the experiment.Semantic consistence evaluation task was performed in Experiment 1b.Twenty-five university students participated in this study.Naming and categorizing tasks were performed in Experiment 2.Two-factor within subject design was used：5（symbolic types：English words,Chinese words,inscription on oracle bones,Dongba pictograph and pictures） × 2（tasks：naming,categorizing）.During naming task,participants were asked to read the words loudly or name the symbols presented on the screen as quickly and correctly as possible.Naming time was collected by the computer and naming correct percent was recorded by the examiner.During categorizing task,participants were asked to decide whether the item a word or symbol representing belong to a certain category by pressing ＂F＂ or ＂J＂ on the keyboards.Stimulus-naming were presented in five blocks of 240 trials.Stimulus-categorizing were presented in five blocks of 480 trials.Twenty-four university students participated in this study.The results were as following：（1） Different symbols displayed differently in perceptive similarity judgment task and semantic consistence judgment task.Pictures,inscription on oracle b