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中文摘要：
沿海地区外向型产业集群的出现．很大程度上是跨国公司利用当地资源将加工制造环节离岸外包的结果．它具有与创新型集群不同的形成机制。沿海外向型集群应置于全球价值链和本地供应链中来认识，而“供应链城”、“集群城镇”和“集群的集群”等则是产业集群发展的新现象。沿海外向型集群发展到一定阶段后，“逐底竞争”和“集群转移”将成为其面临的普遍困境和显著特征。沿海外向型集群正面临多方面的挑战，必须向创新型集群转变，并急需公共政策的扶持和帮助。
英文摘要：
In a substantial degree, the formation of cluster in coastal China is thanks to offshore outsourcing of MNC who utilizes local resources. So its features are different from innovative cluster.The clusters should be vieWed by taking the global value chain and local supply chain into consideration. Cities in the supply chain and cluster of cluster are new phenomena during the clustering process.At certain development level, clusters in coastal China will probably be caught in the dilemmas, such as racing at the bottom, cluster relocation. In the face of multi-challenges, coastal cluster have to transform to innovative cluster, while the public policy should provide the needed support.
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