欧盟近年来一系列针对产品环境属性的立法管制引起我国政府和业界的高度关注。本文以欧盟针对电子产品的WEEE和RoHS双指令为例,通过对深圳、东莞266家电子制造企业的问卷调查,从企业层次考察了这种“领先市场”的环境管制对发展中国家生产者绿色技术投入的影响,并结合电子无铅焊接技术的推广过程考察企业采纳绿色技术创新的行为。调查结果显示“绿色”技术符合创新扩散的“S”型曲线规律,其中欧盟环境管制的因素的确发挥了重要的推动作用。我们对比了企业投资来源和目标市场两种因素对其采纳绿色技术创新行为的影响,并结合有关“绿色”技术标准的国际争论背景,分析了造成这种差异的原因。最后探讨了全球化影响绿色技术发展的不同侧面,指出需要引导企业建立全面系统的环境策略,以扭转大部分企业在全球“绿色”技术发展潮流中的被动局面。
Through a survey on electronics manufacturers in Shenzhen - Dongguan, this paper examines the transnational impacts of two EU directives - WEEE and Rolls - on diffusion of green innovation along the global production network. Following a brief theoretical review on the impacts of globalization on environmental standards, the changing relation between innovations and environmental regulations is analyzed with a special focus on the transnational issues. In the sur- vey, we investigate the overall inputs of firms to improve the environmental attributes of their products, and the diffusion of lead - free soldering technology in specific. Finally, the analysis on different aspects of the global standards concludes in the paper.