中文摘要：

临床常用吸入性全身麻醉药异氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷等均能增强机体对外源性氨酪酸（GABA）的电反应,通过GABAA发挥生物学效应。而在发育期神经元电生理功能具有阶段特异性：GABAA受体介导的氯离子外流引起神经元去极化;α氨基羟甲基唑丙酸受体尚无完整功能,N甲-基-D-天冬氨酸受体的激活依赖GABAA受体,在神经元突触形成方面起着重要的作用。此外,氯离子引导的除极还可以激活细胞膜上电压依赖性钙通道引起钙内流。发育期神经元电生理特点使其在生长发育过程中容易受到吸入性全身麻醉药的影响。

英文摘要：

The inhalation anesthetics like isoflurane,sevoflurane and desflurane can enhance the action of exogenous GABA via GABAA receptors.However,the immature neurons have special features during the early period of synapse development：the activation of GABAA receptors depolarizes and excites neuronal membranes by a reverse chloride gradient;GABAA receptors channels operate in synergy with NMDA receptors channels in the immature neurons because of ＂silent＂ AMPA receptors channels.In addition,GABAAR-mediated chloride efflux can also activate voltage-dependent Ca2＋ channels（VDCCs） to evoke calcium influx.So,the immature neurons are vulnerable to inhalation anesthetics involved in these neuron features.